Telephonic telegraph



E. GRAY. Telephonie Telegraph.

No. 233,345. Patented Oct'. 19, 1880.

VITJVESSES UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICEO ELISHA GRAY, OF CHICAGO,ILLINOIS.

TELEPHONIC TELEGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 233,345, dated October19, 1880.

Application filed May 18, 1878.

:To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELIsnA GRAY, of Chicago, in the county of Cook andState of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful improvements inthe art of and apparatus for 1o character or quality whatever, andaudibly reproducing such impulses, vibrations, or waves, of which artand apparatus the following is a specification.

ln Letters Patent of the United States Nos.

166,095 and 166,096, granted to me July 27,

187 5,and in sundry applications for Letters Patent forimprovements inelectric telephony led by me October 29, 1877 I have shown devicesintended to operate as common receivers and 2o reproducers of lallsor-ts of rhythmical impulses, vibrations, or Waves representing soundsof whatever kind or quality with reference to the number of tonessimultaneously transmitted, received, and reproduced, and

2 5 their relations to each other in respect of amplitude, rate, Sto.

In an application for Letters Patent tiled by meFebruary 23, 187 5, forimprovements in the art of transmitting musical impressions or 3o soundstelegraphically,and in apparatus forso transmitting such sounds orimpressions, I have shown devices for transmitting musical sounds andone methodxof arranging the same in an 'electric circuit to produce thedesired results,

3 5 including the relation of the main battery to the line andinstruments at each end, and described the effects produced.

In Letters Patent No. 186,340, granted to me January 16, 1877, I haveshown and de- 4o scribed a method of and apparatus for gener ating,transmitting, and reproducing in an electric circuit rhythmicalimpulses, undulations, vibrations, or waves, as Well as an improvedmethod of connecting the transmitting apparatus to the line and mainbattery, so that any toneof a series could be transmitted withoutinterference with the power used in the transmission of another tone,and so that two or any greater number of tones could simulta- 5o neouslybe transmitted, received, and reproduced, preservingtheir individualityas perfectly as the same Would be preserved in passing through the air.This patent also showed a closed circuit in which a continuous currentfrom a main battery kept a reproducing and receiving magnet constantlycharged, and devices for varying the power or electro-motive force ofthe current by superposing thereupon the vibrations or undulatiousgenerated by the transmitters.

In Letters Patent No. 175,971, granted to me April 11, 1876, forimprovements in telephonic telegraph apparatus, I have shown a series ofreceivers so constructed that each receiver, Which consists of aresonant box with a magnet having a tuned armature mounted upon it, Willonly respond to the particular note to Which it is adapted. Thisapparatus in practice is arranged upon circuit, as shown in my patent ofJanuary 16, 187 7, No. 186,340, above mentioned.

My invention constitutes an improvement upon the inventions set forth inthe patents and applications above recited; and it consists,

first, in a novel art, method, or system of transmitting through anelectric circuit rhythmical impulses, pulsations, undulations,vibrations, or Waves representing composite tones consisting of afundamental and its harmonics, each tone being assigned its properelectromotive force,y and reproducing said tones on separate receiversarranged in close proximity to each other and each tuned correspondentlywith its respective transmitter, the resultant effe-ct being that of acommon receiver capable of reproducing tones of every description orquality; secondly, in combining a series of transmitters vibrating atsuch relative speeds as to produce the fundamental and harmonics of thetone to be transmitted, and a main battery so arranged as to give eachtransmitter the desired amplitude otvibration, thirdly, in combining aseries of transmitters vibrating at such relative speeds as to producethe fundamental and harmonics of the tone to be transmitted, a mainbattery so arranged as to give each transmitter the desired amplitude ofvibration, and a series ot' separate receivers, each adapted toreproduce the corresponding tone of its respective transmitter.

By having a number of receivers tuned to all rates of vibration withcorrespondently- IOO tuned transmitters, it is possible to transmit andreceive composite tones varying greatly in respect to quality, rate,Src. For instance, the different vowel sounds may be transmitted andreceived by this apparatus, provided that the receivers are of properrelation to each other and all arranged near together, so as to getthecomposite effect of the tone sent through the wire.

To render the vowel sound a, for instance, I transmit a composite tonethe simple elements of which would bear the following relations to eachother: The amplitude orvibration of any simple tone which goes to makeup the composition of a vowel or any sound is determined in this casebythe number of cells of the battery used by the transmitter of thatparticular tone. Let us assume as a basis for the fundamental or lowesttone in the clangor composition of tones one hundred vibrations persecond. The vowel a is composed of ve sim ple tones. If, as we haveassumed, the iirst or fundamental tone is to have one hundred vibrationsper second, the second tone will have two hundred, the third threehundred, the fourth four hundred, and the fifth five hundred. Thesetones, however, to produce the desired effect, must not all have thesame amplitude or loudness. The second tone should be rather moderate instrength, which will be accomplished by giving it fewer cells ofbattery; the third much greater amplitude, as this is the characteristicrate of the clang, to accomplish which I add a greater number of cellsof battery, while the fourth and tifth tones, respectively, are addedwith a feeble amplitude.

It will be seen that by this arrangement I am enabled to control notonly the number of tones transmitted, but their relations with respectto rate and amplitude.

The accompanying diagram represents an arrangement upon circuit ofgenerating, transmitting, and reproducing apparatus for carrying out myimprovements.

The different sections 1 2 3 4 5 of the main battery, it will beobserved, are arranged, as to number of cells or electro-motive force,with respect to the amplitude of vibration or waves desired in each ofthe tones of the com position, as hereinbefore stated.

A series of corresponding receivers are provided for the reproduction ofthe tones transmitted by the generators; but as such receivers are shownand described in my previous patents above mentioned, their detaileddescription is unnecessary here.

It is,`moreover, deemed unnecessary to describe indetailitheconstruction of the apparatus employed more than to say thatit comprises main and local batteries, apparatus for generating andtransmitting vibrations representing the composite tone to betransmitted, receiving apparatus capable of reproducing such tones, anda closed circuit through which a continuous current passes to keep themagnets permanently charged.

The arrangement on circuit is similar to that shown in my patent ofJanuary 16, 1877, above mentioned, while the transmitters represented inthe diagram are similar to those shown in Letters Patent No. 165,728,granted to me July 20, 1875.

Each transmitter T is operated by its respective local battery, (omittedhere for convenience of representation.) The receivers R are similar tothose shown in Letters Patent N o. 175,971, granted to me April 11,1876, hereinbefore mentioned, and consist of an electromagnet mountedupon a sounding-box in a way that will readily be understood from thedrawings, and are capable of reproducing great varieties and qualitiesof tones.

It will be observed that my arrangement of batteries and transmittersadmits of an unlimited variety of adaptations and combinations inrespect to number and character of tones as to amplitude, rate, &c., sothat when the quality of any tone is once determined by analysis it maybe reproduced by my combination by the organization of the several partsrelatively to each other.

The operation ot' my invention will readily be understood from theforegoing description.

When it is desired to transmit a composite tone of a particular clang Idepress the keys which bring into operation such batteries andtransmitters as an analysis of such clangs dictate should be used.

To transmit a sound ot' different quality I depress a different set ofkeys, arranged, as before stated, with reference to the necessities otthe case.

It is unnecessary to give a detailed analysis of the great variety ofsounds, as the principle involved is fully set forth in the case alreadygiven.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that tones or soundsmechanically may be transmitted through an electric cir cuit by a properarrangement of transmitters, batteries, and receivers.

The combination, in an apparatus for generating and transmittingvibrations, impulses, or waves representing composite tones, of a closedcircuit, a series of transmitters vibrating at such relative speeds asto produce the fundamental and harmonics of the tone to be transmitted,a main battery so arranged as to give each transmitter the desiredrelative amplitude of vibration, and a common receiver, or one capableof reproducing tones of every variety and quality, is not claimedherein, as such combination constitutes the subject-matter of LettersPatent No. 205,378,2granted to me June 25, 1878, on an application tiledApril 9, 1878, of which this constitutes a division.

I claim as of my own invention- 1. The hereinbefore described art ot'generating and transmitting through an electric IIO circuit rhythmiealimpulses, pulsations, undulations, vibrations, or Waves representing afundamental tone and its harmonics, said improvement consisting inassigning to each tone an electro-motive force proportional to theamplitude of vibrations necessary to produce it.

2. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, in anapparatus for generating and transmitting vibrations representingcomposite tones, of a series of transmitters vibratin g at such relativespeeds as to produce the fundamental and harmonics of the tone to betransmitted, andamain battery so arranged as to give each transmitterthe desired relative amplitude of vibration.

3. The combination, substantially as herescribed my name.

ELISHA GRAY. Witnesses:

WM. D. BALDWIN, WM. J. PEYtroN.

